Night Preface Study Guide Answers

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Eliezer Wiesel (identification number A-7713)

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The narrator of the book, Eliezer is taken to concentration camps in Czechoslovakia and Germany at the age of fourteen. As a young boy in Sighet, Transylvania, he is very devout and interested in Jewish mysticism, and his religious faith evolves (but is never extinguished) during his time in concentration camps. Though he is separated from his mother and sister upon first arriving at Birkenau, Eliezer manages to remain close to his father during almost the entirety of his stay in concentration camps. He is very devoted to his father, and the two share rations and look out for each other. However, the harshness of camp life weakens Eliezer's filial devotion, which causes him much shame and guilt. Eliezer becomes concerned primarily with feeding himself and with escaping Nazi brutality, and this instinct of self-preservation often outweighs concern for his father, who he expects to take care of himself. A few months before the concentration camps are liberated, Eliezer's foot swells from the cold, and he has to undergo an operation.

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Eliezer's father (Chlomo Wiesel)

Eliezer's father is very respected within the Jewish community of his hometown, and he spends most of his time occupying himself with community affairs. He is a member of the Jewish Council, which is the first group to hear about deportation, and he refuses to try to escape the country. In the concentration camps, he and Eliezer take care of one another. A fifty-year-old man, he is becoming increasingly weak and dried up, and he finds it harder than Eliezer to escape the abuse of concentration camp life. On the last march to Gleiwitz, he becomes very weak and sick, and at Buchenwald he catches a deadly case of dysentery. He dies on January 29, 1945, after an SS officer shatters his skull with a truncheon. His last word is a whispered 'Eliezer.'

Moché the Beadle

A poor, humble man who works at the Hasidic synagogue in Sighet, Moché is well-liked by all the townspeople. He helps Eliezer to study the cabbala, and he teaches him that it is more important to ask God the right questions than to try to find the right answers. Early in the war, Moché is deported to Nazi concentration camps because he is a foreigner. He manages to escape and tries to warn the townspeople of the horrors of the Holocaust. They ignore him and think he's mad.

Eliezer's mother

Eliezer is separated from his mother upon arriving at Birkenau. She dies in the concentration camp.

Tzipora

Eliezer's seven-year-old sister, Tzipora and her mother are separated from Eliezer and his father upon arriving at Birkenau. She also dies in the concentration camp.

Martha

An old Gentile servant of the Wiesel family. When the Wiesels are moved into the smaller ghetto, she offers to hide the family in the country. Eliezer's father refuses to flee, and Eliezer decides to stay with the rest of his family.

Madame Schaechter

Madame Schaechter is in the same train car as Eliezer during the initial deportation to Auschwitz. She had been separated from her husband and two older sons, and she is accompanied by another younger son. She loses her mind during the journey and screams hysterically and repeatedly about a flaming furnace that she apparently sees in the distance. She terrifies the other occupants of the train, and she is repeatedly beaten by young men trying to silence her.

Dr. Mengele

The SS officer who decides who is to go to the crematories during selections. Eliezer sees him twice, once upon arrival at Birkenau and again at Buna.

Stein of Antwerp

Stein of Antwerp is the husband of Reizel, who is the niece of Eliezer's mother. He finds Eliezer and his father at Auschwitz and is desperate to hear news of his family. Eliezer lies and tells him his family is doing fine, which keeps him alive for awhile.

Juliek

A Polish violin player in the musician's block at Buna. He later reappears at Gleiwitz when Eliezer discovers that he is lying on top of him in the incredibly crowded barracks. He plays Beethoven soulfully in the night.

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Franek

The Polish foreman of the musician's block at Buna. He gets Eliezer's father to work in the same block as Eliezer, but he later forces Eliezer to give him his gold crown by repeatedly beating his father.

Yossi and Tibi

Czech brothers who Eliezer befriends in the musician's block at Buna. Together they all sing Hasidic melodies, talk about Palestine, and plan to emigrate from Europe when freed.

Alphonse

A German Jew who is head of the musician's block at Buna. He is very kindly and tries to give his charges extra soup whenever he can.

Idek

The Kapo of the musician's block at Buna. He is prone to flying into violent rages at other prisoners. Eliezer catches him having sex with a young Polish girl, and Idek retaliates by having Eliezer lashed twenty-five times.

Akiba Drumer

A fellow prisoner at Auschwitz and Buna, Akiba Drumer is a deeply devout mystic with a beautiful baritone voice. He loses his faith at Buna and, simultaneously, his will to live. He is sent to the crematories after the selection at Buna.

Zalman

A young man who had worked with Eliezer in the warehouse at Buna. Eliezer later sees him in the run to Gleiwitz. Zalman has a stomach cramp, and when he tries to stop to go to the bathroom, he is trampled underfoot by the crowd behind him.

Rabbi Eliahou

A very devout, pure, and well-liked rabbi who appears after the run to Gleiwitz. He is looking for his son, who had been with him for three years in the concentration camp, because they had gotten separated during the run. Eliezer realizes that the son had consciously tried to get away from his father because he no longer wanted the responsibility of looking out for another human being.

Meir Katz

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A friend of Eliezer's father who worked in the garden at Buna. He is better nourished and stronger than the other prisoners because he had had access to vegetables. In the train to Buchenwald, Meir Katz saves Eliezer's life when someone tries to strangle him, but he soon loses his will to live and dies.

In 1944, Elie Wiesel is a Jewish adolescent who devotes much time and emotion to studying the Talmud and Jewish mysticism under the tutelage of Moché the Beadle in the tiny village of Sighet, Transylvania (Romania). After being expelled by the Hungarian police because he was a foreigner, Moché the Beadle returns to the village, narrowly escaping an ambush by the Gestapo, to warn his Jewish brethren of the grave threat posed to them by the coming Nazi invaders. Nevertheless, Jewish leaders in Sighet remain relaxed and ambivalent, even after the Jewish people are shuffled into supervised ghettos. The following spring, German and Hungarian authorities begin shipping Jews via cramped trains to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex. Elie and his family are shipped as part of the final convoy. Scores of villagers are crammed together into boxcars with scarcely any food and water to share between them. Madame Schächter, one of the deportees, becomes hysterical with (prophetic) visions of flames and furnaces.

Late into day three of the deportation, the group of captives sees terrifying flames rising above huge furnaces and recoils at the stench of burning flesh. Guards armed with clubs and guns separate Elie's group in to two groups: those fit for labor camps and those damned to the furnaces. Elie and his father, Chlomo, lie about their ages and are moved to the concentration camp at Auschwitz with other able-bodied men. Elie's mother and three sisters disappear into Birkenau, the death camp. Elie never sees any of them again. After viewing infants being tossed in a fiery pit, Elie abandons his faith in a God he accuses of remaining silent and indifferent to the atrocities.

Every day, Elie and his father struggle to maintain their strength in order to remain in the “Fit to work” group. Cruel guards impose sadistic and erratic punishments. After three weeks, Elie and his father are forced to march to Buna, a factory in the Auschwitz complex, where they sort electrical parts in an electronics warehouse. The cruelty culminates with the guards hanging an adolescent. Elie watches as he dies in a torturously slow manner.

Despairing, Elie becomes increasingly depressed during Rosh Hashanah services. At the next selection, the doctor chooses his father. Chlomo, however, passes a second physical exam and is spared from the furnaces. Elie undergoes surgery to repair his foot that has swollen with pus.

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Because Russian liberation forces are moving ever closer to the Nazi camp, the guards evacuate Buna in January 1945. The captives are herded through the European forests during the night in bitter cold over forty miles en route to Gleiwitz. Elie wraps his bleeding foot in strips of blanket. Jews who falter are shot. Elie prays for strength to save his father from death. Those who survive the arduous trek pile together in a crammed cabin. Surviving for three days on only fistfuls of snow, the remaining captives are packed onto a train for a week-and-a-half long ride to Buchenwald in central Germany. In the end, Elie and Chlomo are among the only twelve captives who survive the entire ordeal.

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Elie tries to nurse his father back to health. Dysentery, malnutrition, and vicious violence gradually rob Chlomo of the few days of life he has left. Elie degenerates into a minor frenzy after the deterioration of his father. When he recovers, his father is gone. Elie fears he was sent to the fiery furnaces while he was still clinging to life. Resistance breaks out in Buchenwald. In the springtime, American forces liberate the camp. Elie is so devastated by his tribulations he stares at himself in a mirror and can discern only the reflection of a corpse.